Httpwatch Professional Edition Crack Cocaine
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Cocaine abuse is a major worldwide health problem. Patients with acute cocaine toxicity may require urgent treatment for tachycardia, dysrhythmia, hypertension, and coronary vasospasm in order to prevent pathological sequelae such as acute coronary syndrome, stroke, and death. This activity reviews the evaluation and management of cocaine toxicity and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in caring for affected patients.
Objectives:Describe the toxicokinetics of cocaine toxicity.Describe the typical history and physical exam findings for a patient with cocaine toxicity.Summarize the management options for cocaine toxicity.Explain the importance of improving care coordination among the interprofessional team to enhance the delivery of care for patients with cocaine toxicity.Access free multiple choice questions on this topic.
Crack cocaine is a freebase form of the stimulant powder, processed into crystalline rocks using baking soda or ammonia. The rocks can be smoked, causing a faster, more potent high. In fact, crack is often considered the most potent form of cocaine on the market. The high from crack only lasts for about 15 minutes, so people who smoke the drug immediately want to consume it again. It is very addictive, and it can easily lead to binges.
When a person smokes crack, the chemical enters the brain and forces the release of dopamine. This leads to excited energy and a powerful euphoria as well as cravings when the sensation wears off. Although long-term use of crack cocaine causes serious health damage, it is very difficult to stop taking the drug without the right help.
The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) found, in 2013, that 6 percent of people who entered rehabilitation programs did so due to a cocaine addiction; the majority of those people, at 68 percent, smoked crack cocaine.
Medical oversight during detox is the best way to prevent relapse to crack cocaine abuse. Withdrawal symptoms are not dangerous, but they can feel very uncomfortable. A person going through withdrawal on their own is at greater risk of bingeing on the drug because of their discomfort than someone who has help managing withdrawal symptoms.
Opioid drugs have medicines, like buprenorphine, that are used as replacement therapies to taper people off the drugs. For people struggling with crack cocaine addiction, however, there are no replacement medications to ease the person off the substance. The person just has to stop taking the drug.
\\nSome people attempt to quit using crack cocaine alone. Although a very small percentage of these people successfully stop, it is very rare. Cravings are powerful while the person goes through withdrawal because the brain has to relearn to modulate the release of dopamine without being stimulated to do so by crack. A prolonged withdrawal period, filled with intense cravings and depression after the physical symptoms end, can also lead to relapse. Because this period is psychological and emotional, working with a counselor or therapist is very helpful to understanding the ongoing symptoms. A therapist or counselor will also help their patient learn healthier behaviors, so they can avoid relapse in the future.\\n\"}Fortunately, people who want to overcome crack cocaine addiction can benefit from both inpatient and outpatient programs. Research suggests that both styles of rehabilitation offer equal benefits, so the choice largely depends on whether a person wants to enter a facility full time or if they prefer to remain at home. The decision should be made by the individual in conjunction with their treatment team.
\\nThe two steps to ending an addiction to crack cocaine are:\\n\\nDetox with medical supervision\\nParticipation in a complete rehabilitation program and remaining in it for at least three months\\n\\n\\n\"}Medical researchers are working to find medicines that can ease crack cocaine withdrawal symptoms. There are no drugs approved by the FDA for this part of the process, but some medicines, like naltrexone or disulfiram, may help to ease cravings and prevent relapse in the long-term. Those overcoming crack cocaine addiction may also benefit from small, controlled doses of antidepressants or anti-anxiety medicines to ease psychological symptoms and mood swings. Over-the-counter pain relief can help with physical aches and pains.
\\nThe best treatment to end crack cocaine addiction is behavioral intervention. This can come in the form of group and individual therapy, and NIDA notes that most people ending crack cocaine addiction work best with the Contingency Management or motivational styles of therapy. Positive behavioral changes are rewarded with gifts, like a voucher or prize; negative behaviors are talked through in order to understand them better. Because the brain releases dopamine when a person receives a gift they like, this therapy may replicate, in a small way, the release of dopamine caused by crack cocaine. In turn, the non-drug dopamine stimulation leads to positive association with good, nonaddictive behaviors, so they are reinforced with positive feelings later.\\n\"}Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is also a common method for overcoming addiction, and this style of therapy works well for people ending an addiction to crack cocaine.
Ultimately, overcoming an addiction to potent drugs like crack cocaine requires assistance. Medical professionals, ranging from doctors to therapists, along with friends, family, and peers can offer those in recovery the emotional support needed to find firm footing in recovery. With the right help, individuals can go on to embrace healthy, sober lives.
Wachter, 45, of the 5600 block of Boone Avenue, denied any knowledge of the drug deal. He was charged with possession of crack cocaine, possession with the intent to distribute crack cocaine and the distribution of crack cocaine, court records indicate.
Due to its addictive nature, nearly 800,000 Americans aged 12 and over had used crack in 2019, and 1 million Americans aged 12 and over struggled with a cocaine use (including crack cocaine) disorder.3
While powder cocaine and crack are similar forms of the same drug, they can affect a person differently because of how they are made and their methods of use.1 Cocaine and crack cocaine are both derived from the coca plant, but they are processed differently and come in different formations. Crack is created by processing cocaine and mixing it with baking soda into a smokable form that rapidly delivers an intense, euphoric high. Crack is an impure form of cocaine and is often sold on the streets much cheaper than pure cocaine, while still delivering an intense high.1,4
Over time, the effects of crack cocaine can become blunted, with a person requiring more of the drug in order to feel the same euphoric high. When an individual uses larger amounts of a drug to produce the same high, they are becoming tolerant to it, meaning that their brain and body have become desensitized to the drug of abuse.7,8,9
Stimulants such as cocaine initially cause a rush of euphoria, increased energy, an increased sense of alertness, talkativeness, and a sense of grandiosity.2,8 There are a range of physical and mental health effects associated with short-term and long-term crack cocaine use, including:2,6,8,10
While the majority of these symptoms can be very uncomfortable, they are unlikely to cause physical harm. It is important to know that you can receive professional addiction treatment to help ease withdrawal side effects and prevent future relapses.13 Common crack cocaine withdrawal symptoms include:6,7,11,12,13,14
There are no medications approved to specifically manage crack cocaine withdrawal symptoms and, as a result, detoxification is focused on promoting relaxation, hydration, and nutrition in a supportive setting. Antidepressants and antipsychotic medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms of depression and psychotic symptoms.13,14
Contingency Management (CM) is a type of behavioral therapy that rewards positive, desirable behaviors such as staying sober and attending treatment.9,12 Small prizes or access to privileges are given out when you engage in recovery-focused behaviors and activities, and they often increase as you consistently remain sober and attend treatment without missing sessions.9 This evidence-based technique promotes sobriety and recovery from stimulants such as crack cocaine.9,12
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a commonly used behavioral therapy for the treatment of various forms of substance use disorders, including addiction to crack cocaine.9,12 The goal of CBT is to prevent relapse so that you can maintain sobriety.9 This is accomplished by:9,12
If you or a loved one is struggling with addiction to crack cocaine or other substances, American Addiction Centers (AAC) is here to help you find treatment. We offer a free, confidential helpline you can reach 24/7. You can contact us at {\"props\":{\"scalar\":\"\",\"helpline\":\"true\"},\"children\":\"\"}. Call today to speak with a caring admissions navigator who will provide information about detox programs and other addiction treatment options, help you quickly verify your health insurance benefits, and answer any questions you may have. Recovery is possible. Let us help you get started today.
Crack Is Wack is a mural created in 1986 by American artist and social activist Keith Haring. Located near the Harlem River Drive in East Harlem, the mural serves as a warning against crack cocaine use, which was rampant in major cities across the United States during the mid to late 1980s. As a symbol of anti-drug activism, Crack Is Wack commemorates Haring's powerful sociopolitical presence as an artist and remains a part of New York City's repertoire of iconic public art.
Haring's anti-crack mural emerged during a period of intense political tension in the United States due to widespread illegal drug use. Crack cocaine became popular in poor and working-class neighborhoods in major U.S. cities like New York during the 1980s.[1] The number of regular crack users nationwide spiked from approximately 4.2 million to 5.8 million from 1985 to 1989.[2] As public concerns over this 'crack epidemic' grew, President Ronald Reagan strengthened drug prohibition policies and the severity of their penalties in accordance with the government's so-called 'war on drugs'.[3] Crack Is Wack thus functions as a public announcement to warn New Yorkers against the physiological and legal repercussions of crack cocaine. 153554b96e
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